What is diabetes?
Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) Classed as metabolic diseases
in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because
insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond
properly to insulin, or both.
A metabolism disorder. It’s the way our bodies use digested
food for energy and growth. Most foods we eat become glucose. Glucose that form
sugar and makes its way into our bloodstream.
a principal source of fuel for our bodies that use by our cell for
energy and growth but glucose cannot enter in our cell without the present of insulin,
that make our cell, to take in the glucose
How about insulin and glucose?
Insulin is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas. (A
gland situated behind and below the stomach) After eating, the pancreas
automatically releases an adequate quantity of insulin to move the glucose
present in our blood into the cells, as soon as glucose enters the cells
blood-glucose levels drop.
The Glucose.
Glucose, sugar that source of energy for the cells to make
up muscles and other tissues.
Glucose comes from two major sources: food and your liver.
Sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it enters cells with the help of
insulin. Your liver stores and makes glucose. When your glucose levels are low,
such as when you haven't eaten in a while, the liver breaks down stored
glycogen into glucose to keep your glucose level within a normal range.
If you have diabetes the quantity of glucose in your blood
is too elevated (hyperglycaemia). Because your body either does not produce
enough insulin, did not produces insulin, or has cells that do not respond
properly to the insulin that the pancreas produces. It will result in too much
glucose building up in your blood because there is no insulin to move the
glucose into the cell. The too much glucose in your blood eventually passes out
by urine. The reason why, even your blood has plenty of glucose, your cells are
not getting it to use for energy and growth.
There are three types of diabetes:
1) Type 1 Diabetes
2) Type 2 Diabetes
3) Gestational Diabetes
Cause of diabetes, each type of diabetes has a cause, like.
Type 1 diabetes.
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. What is known
is that your immune system that normally fights harmful bacteria or viruses is
attacks and destroys your insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. That’s
leaves you with little or no insulin. Instead of being transported into your
cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream.
Type 2 diabetes.
Your cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and
your pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to overcome this resistance.
Instead of moving into your cells where it's needed for energy, sugar builds up
in your bloodstream.
Gestational diabetes.
This type of diabetes is made During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones to sustain
your pregnancy. These hormones make your cells more resistant to insulin.
Normally, your pancreas responds by producing enough extra insulin to overcome
this resistance. But sometimes your pancreas can't keep up. When this happens,
too little glucose gets into your cells and too much stays in your blood,
resulting in gestational diabetes.
What Is Prediabetes?
Prediabetes it can be lead to type 2 diabetes, their blood
glucose levels where higher than normal, but not high enough to merit a
diabetes diagnosis. Like going to type 2 diabetic the cells in the body are
becoming resistant to insulin. Study says that even at the prediabetes stage,
some damage to the circulatory system and the heart may already have occurred.
What are the sign and symptoms of diabetes?
There are different signs and symptoms experience by the
person for diabetes, but sometimes there may be no signs too. Here are some
common signed experienced by a person, include:
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Increased hunger
- Weight loss
- Tiredness
- Lack of interest and concentration
- A tingling sensation or numbness in the hands or feet
- Blurred vision
- Frequent infections
- Slow-healing wounds
- Vomiting and stomach pain (often mistaken as the flu)
Who at risk of diabetic?
As we get grow older (type 2) because of, we tend to put on
weight and become less physically active. The expert says.
Those people with a close relative who had a type 2diabetes,
(heredity)
People of Middle Eastern, African, or South Asian descent
have also a higher risk of developing the diabetes.
For Southeast Asian Diabetes is rapidly spreading because of
people embrace American fast foods, such as hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries
and pizza.
Men, whose testosterone levels are low, have a higher risk
of developing type 2diabetes. Low testosterone levels are linked to insulin
resistance. The Researchers from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, said.
Overweight and obese people have a much higher risk of
developing type 2diabetes compared to those with a healthy body weight.
Physically inactive and eating the wrong foods all
contribute to our risk of developing type 2diabetes.
People with a lot of visceral fat, also known as central
obesity, belly fat, or abdominal obesity, are especially at risk.
Drinking just one can of (non-diet) soda per day can raise
our risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 22%, researchers from Imperial
College London reported in the journal Diabetologia. Its sugar, directly hit
your body to diabetes rather than body weight.
Women whose diets before becoming pregnant were high in
animal fat and cholesterol had a higher risk for gestational diabetes, compared
to those diets were low in cholesterol and animal fats.
How to control diabetes?
We may be able to control our type 2 diabetes symptoms by
losing weight, following a healthy diet, doing plenty of exercise, and
monitoring the blood glucose levels.
But in type 2diabetes that typically a progressive disease
and gradually gets worse, the patient will take insulin, in tablet form.
For gestational diabetes patients they can control their
diabetes with exercise and diet. Other may take the blood-glucose-controlling
medications. If Undiagnosed or uncontrolled gestational diabetes it can raise
the risk of complications during childbirth. The baby may be become bigger than
he/she should be. So, take extra care for pregnant whose a diabetes.
Some complication if you are diabetes
- Eye glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy.
- Foot, neuropathy, ulcers, and sometimes gangrene which may
require that the foot be amputated
- Skin infections and skin disorders
- Ischemic heart disease, when the blood supply to the heart
muscle is diminished
- Hypertension, kidney disease, eye problems, heart attack and
stroke
- Mental health leading to depression, anxiety and some other
mental disorders
- Hearing loss
- Gum disease
- Gastroparesis
- Ketosis and acidosis; accumulation of ketone bodies and
acidity in the blood.
- PAD (peripheral arterial disease) -symptoms may include pain
in the leg, tingling and sometimes problems walking properly
- Stroke -if blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood
glucose levels are not controlled,
- Erectile dysfunction -male impotence.
- Healing of wounds cuts and lesions take much longer to heal
Prevention.
Diabetes prevention is eating more healthfully, becoming
more physically active and losing a few extra pounds.
Get more physical activity
Research shows that both aerobic exercise and resistance
training can help control diabetes,
Lose weight Lower your blood sugar Boost your sensitivity to
insulin which helps keep your blood sugar within a normal range
Get plenty of fiber
Foods high in fiber include fruits, vegetables, beans, whole
grains, nuts and seeds.
Go for whole grains
Whole grains may reduce your risk of diabetes and help maintain
blood sugar levels.
Lose extra weight
If you're overweight, diabetes prevention may hinge on
weight loss. Every pound you lose can improve your health, exercised regularly
reduced the risk of developing diabetes by almost 60 percent.
Skip fad diets and just make healthier choices
Low-carb diets, the glycemic index diet or other fad diets
may help you lose weight at first.
If 45 yrs old or older and overweight or you’re younger than
age 45 and overweight with one or more additional risk factors for type 2
diabetes, you have to consult to your doctor about your health status.
All types of diabetes are treatable. But type 1 lasts a
lifetime, there is no known cure. And Type 2 usually lasts a lifetime, but
other people managed to get rid of their symptoms without medication, by the
combination of exercise, diet and body weight control.
Making a few simple changes in our lifestyle now may help us
avoid the serious health complications of diabetes. Prevention is a big deal.
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